Alright, I haven't fixed it yet, but I have a pretty good idea of what I did wrong:

So, I had everything adjusted to the smallest cog when I did everything, EXCEPT when I first inserted the cable in the shifter. I guess I thought it was enough if shifted up before doing the housing, etc. I can't even get the cable out right now...oh well, I know it's possible...

Thanks for your help again guys!!