Layperson interpretation here - what I take from this example is that testing at the beginning, during, and end of a 10-week period concludes that riding your bike gives you better on bike performance at the end of this specific 10-week period than does weight training.

Maybe I'm not understanding the conclusions correctly, but the comments and questions I have: Comment - most athletes I know who include weight training train with weights during the winter or non-racing months (i.e. Oct - Feb) as a supplemental exercise to compliment on-bike training, actually stop or reduce performing the weight training about now (February) to move into more on the bike specific training since racing season starts in about a month (in this part of the world) and build form to the larger more important races that are in July - September. So the money question to me is how does weight training that ceases in February impact the peak performance of those athletes in June - Sept vs. those that just did on the bike? I think the answer to that question is much more important to know than that at the end of 10 weeks riding a bike makes you faster on a bike than does doing weight training.