Fenlason:
Keeping bearings water free is a bit better/easier with most sealed bearings; but it does not hurt to check things out after a super long and very wet ride.
Have seen a steel stoker seat tube rust from the inside-out near the bottom bracket . . . but it was due to having some chroming done, and tubes were not properly flushed out by the chromer. Seat tube was replaced.

Likelihood of bursting due to cold/moisture is minimal on any tubing material, but possible.
While Maine and Arizona are both great places for almost 3 seasons, we're willing to swap you some of your winter 'cool' for some of our summer 'warmth.'