Thanks for all the suggestions, I will email Answer products about a replacement. First, some interesting news.

I checked the shoe plate and bolt again. The bolt threads are completely intact. As for the plate, it seems that only initial revolution of the thread stripped and the remaining threads look to be undamaged. I think this is because, with the cleat in place, the bolt was not long enough to engage past the first revolution of thread before it grabbed the cleat and became excessively torqued. I just tried the bolt in the plate again (without the cleat) and it goes in smoothly and feels secure.

I'll find some longer bolts and try attaching the cleat again.