Tossing a tube with a repairable hole is wasteful, it seems to me. But, this is a throwaway society. Leaving it by the side of the road is littering.

I use RemaTipTop patch kits, and carry a spare tube with the aim of patching a road side puncture if I can. If not (like the rainy day I last had a flat), then I swap the tubes.

I agree, a well patched tube is as good as new. I doubt I have given up on (tossed out) even a dozen tubes on all of our road bikes (my wife's and mine) over the past 30 years (probably 100,000 miles total ridden). I just patch them.