Even a hardline vehicular cyclist will tell you there's nothing wrong with riding on the sidewalk for a short stretch...just go slow (about the speed of a jogger is a good limit), yield to pedestrians, and be very careful at intersections, including driveways.

From your satellite photo, the stretch of sidewalk you used looks pretty safe, since there are are no intersections or driveways. (Except for the turn at the end onto the southbound street, of course...and you will have to be alert there, since you'll be entering that intersection from a direction than no one expects.)

I would still probably head east on the road until I could make a U-turn...but that's just a personal preference. Taking the sidewalk west looks harmless enough in this case.

One thing you never want to do is ride the wrong way on the road itself. That includes the roads you mentioned with bike lanes on one side; if you're going the direction with no bike lane, just ride as you would on any other road without a bike lane.