Just for kicks, I already know this answer...

Someone tell us who's producing the greater forces in the chain (and subsequent reaction forces in the rest of the bike):

Johnny BigQuads mashing 52x15 in the match sprint, or
Susie SundayRider climbing her 2% driveway in 22x16

Track sprinters are seriously powerful dudes, but they're really not stressing their equipment the way potholes and railroad crossings do to a road wheel.

Mac