There are many kinds of "ice" conditions. Almost limitless.

Many kinds of ice can be ridden on without studded tires. Mainly flat ice that has the top warmed by the sun and is a little soft. Like a lake on a sunny day.

There are lots of kinds of ice you could never possibly ride a bike over without studs, it's just impossible.
One example is a MUP with a lot of bumps and frozen 3" deep footprints in the ice that is frozen very, very, hard. But large tires with a good size air pocket and very low pressure can go right over it.

There are lots of variations in between that will work, and won't work with studs. The real answer about ice riding is "it depends". Not yes or no.

This was a warm day and no studs were needed the top of the ice was soft, almost damp. You just had to be very carefull. Thoses tires have no studs.



This was hard frozen and lots of huge bumps close together, one could not have ridden a two wheeled vehicle 10 feet without studs.