The same ratio equals the same ratio.

The numbers remain the same.

I have ridden 53 X 19 X 700 X 23 for 73.3 gear inches.

I have ridden 47 X 17 X 700 X 23 for 72.7 gear inches.

Seventy-three gear inches should feel like more, or at least the same as 72.7 gear inches.

However, I can report that the 53 X 19 for 73.3 inches feels easier than the 47 X 17 for 72.7 gear inches.

I've talked to other people who have had a similar experience; and, one can describe it as psychological or imagined, because of drive train smoothness, and I can accept that; except, it feels real.

Just guessing, I think it has something to do with the chain turning a larger, rounder corner.

Now, I have a 42t chainring, but I don't have a 15t cog.

If I got a 15t cog, and rode with 42 X 15 X 700 X 23, that would give me 73.6 gear inches, or awfully close to 53 X 19 for 73.3 gear inches.

It would make for a nice afternoon's experiment, but I don't know how I'd keep from imagining one ring and cog combo as easier or harder than the other, if I knew which combination I had on the bike at the time.

Because, y'know, I already have it in my mind that the 53 X 19 combo will feel easier.

I think one would have to have two identical bikes, and have a second person switch them back and forth without the rider looking, and then record the rider's impressions.
It would take some discipline for the rider to not look down to see which bike he rode.