1. Frame geometry/seating position. -- The geometry of the frame forces you to ride more bent over, reducing wind resistance? Frame technology that is designed to reduce wind resistance in and of itself? (Or is that just Lance's and super high end bikes?)
For non-Lance-A.-types, air drag is so tiny on the frame that frame shape doesn't matter. the main air drag is on the rider.
But it's my opinion that the bent-over riding posture allows you to put more power to the pedals because your weight is closer to being directly above the pedals rather than behind them. In my perception, this is more important than the small but significant effects on air drag when you hunch over.
No. 3 (narrow rims/tires) is key to why roadies are faster. It's no myth.
I disagree. Tests repeatedly show that 1.5 inch or so slicks at high pressures give lower rolling resistance (and, yes, higher weight, meaning slower climbing and acceleration) than narrow tires.