Originally Posted by 46x17
Thanks, I believe that explains it exactly. The "Chainline (From shoulder)" measurement according to Sheldon is 5.25mm for the Surly cog, compared to 7.96mm for an ACS freewheel. So 7.96 - 5.25 = 2.71mm, which is just about the 3mm I'm off by. I'll use some BB spacers as suggested to get things symmetrical on the flip-flop.
Thanks for all the good ideas guys.