I use Nokian W106 tires from December to March. These tires have a pronounced tread, which means more rolling resistance than a slick or semislick. I find no performance degredation when I have only a front one on. However, the bike is somewhat harder to pedal with both front and rear installed. They are probably no worse than knobby mountain bike tires. On the other hand, the carbide studs show no detectable wear.
The main drawback I have found is a sort of nibble feel when riding over metal grates in the road.
Paul