I couldn't get past the length and color of the post so I didn't read any of it.
I'll stick with basics - if you said you are riding your bike...good. If something hurts - either it will go away with more mileage or search for the cure using the search function. I'll bet there's a thread or two about it.
Gear - yes you are riding crap. Yes you need to upgrade as soon as possible. If you don't your bike will melt. Just make sure you pick SRAMangnolo Redcord Ace and all will be well.
Welcome and steer clear of the smug a holes that seem to infultrate this place.