Ahhh, interesting. I didn't know about those chain adjusters.
I did actually go to the hardware store on Sunday to just get some regular washers. I took the washer from the other side with me for comparisons sake. Unfortunately, I couldn't find one that was a close enough match! I even bought what was closest, but it was just a teeny tiny bit too small. I guess I have to go with something bike specific. Maybe I'll go to a couple LBS and see if they have a spare one lying around.
Then, I'll look into the chain adjusters. Thanks for the help!