Someone more knowledgeable than myself can help you determine the needed length of the steerer tube, and what replacement fork might have the same rake. For starters, you could do some searches for "fork length" and "fork rake" to give you some background info.

If you ride on relatively smooth roads, it may not be a problem anyway.

I vote for yellow bar tape and cables.

Saddle comfort is incredibly subjective, but I won't ride anything other than a Brooks Pro or a B17N.

Pedals are also a judgement call. Don't be scared of clipless pedals. I ride clipless on my "go-fast" bike and clips on the others. In either event, get some proper bike shoes (touring). They're much more efficient and comfortable than street shoes.

Have fun!