Never heard of carbon fiber tires. I think you mean kevlar reinforced tires though. Those are common, and very good.

I LOVE Panaracer Pasela TG, but many others prefer Continental gatorskins, or various tires from Michelin, Hutchinson, Vittoria, or vredestein.

For running 27" wheels, look here.

For $11/each you can't beat the price on these, although I have no experience with them so I can't comment on quality.