1. Google it. According to google, there are about a dozen thrift stores in Rochester. For example, according to Google, you have two Salvation Army thrift stores in Rochester. There are probably more in surrounding cities.
2. Visit each of the dozen or more stores, and get a feel for who usually gets bikes.
3. Build short stops at the target stores into your routine. For example, I pass two of my favorites on the way to Walmart. I usually stop on the way.
4. Be prepared for long dry spells, and occasional bike finds.
5. Be ready to buy on the spot, good deals will not last long, and definitely not long enough for you to go home and do research. So develop a simple mental checklist: rims, frame type, wheels, components, etc. When the bike is $10, you really should not have to do a very thorough inspection.
6. Remember, even a trashed out bike can be a deal depending on the components. For example, my last thrift store bike buy had extensive rust, and a long gash (split) on one of the chain stays. The frame was toast. But it also had Deore LX components, nice wheels and tires. And it was $5. You have to look past the obvious to see the value that others pass up.
7. And if you travel, try to stop at a few stores along the way.