I highlr recommend Greg Lemond's Complete Book of Bicycling. Thoughtful, well-written with a lot of useful training info and great stories. I also like thew Joe Friel training books. Brandt's The Bicycle Wheel, like Marty said, is excellent, if a little dated [though it may only be my copy that's dated].

Thoman Mann's Buddenbrooks is probably the greatest family soap opera of all time, and Robert Musil's Young Torless and The Man of No Qualities are brilliant, if chilling character studies of how pathology can be normal. I also recommend George Orwell's essays -- the greatest short-form non-fiction writing in the English language -- and Homage to Catalonia. I think he mentions bicycles a few times.

One under-appreciated classic is Andrei Biely's St. Petersberg. In it the protagonist is a revolutionary in Czarist Russia, wandering around the city with a ticking bomb, trying to decide if he can throw it at an Imperial government official... who happens to be his father.