What exactly has gone wrong? I dont recognise your pic as a standard bike axle.

There are three threaded nuts on each side of the hub (+ a few washers):


The cones hold the ball bearings in place agsint the rotating hub
The locknut holds the cone in place on the axle.
The hub is placed into the fork dropouts and then the wheel nut or track nut is used to tighten the dropout against the face of the locknut.
You can completely remove track-nuts without any problems
If you need to hold the axle from rotating you can put a wrench on the locknut. You can also tighten one tracknut to hold the wheel in the fork and the axle is locked down solid so it wont rotate (you need 2 tracknuts for safety)

Maybe you should take a pick and point some arrows at the bit that wont work.