I'm not in Cambridge, i'm in Jamaica Plain. But I bike over to Cambridge once or twice a week. Love the bike lanes, tho I wish the cabs/peds/parking cars would stay out of them.
I don't own any cycling specific clothes, so I can't help there. But there are a handful of good bike shops over that area that might have clothing. I don't think i've ever seen cycling-specific clothing at Urban Outfitters tho.
I'd recommend REI or EMS when they're having a sale. There's an EMS in Harvard Sq. but REI has waaaay better selection (plus a great discount area).