In fact, legally, the roadway is the portion of the road that is used for traveling. It's the thing in between the white lines. "Roadway" is a term that has a very specific legal meaning!

https://www.oregonlaws.org/glossary/definition/roadway

This is important to be clear about in discussing where bicycles should travel and where they are legally allowed to travel.

No state requires cyclists to ever travel in the shoulder.

Cyclists may choose to travel in the shoulder but it isn't a legal requirement. It's actually stranger than that since cars it's illegal for cars to travel in the shoulder (they can cross it). There is no law (that I know of) that grants the right of cyclists to use the shoulder (it just seems to be understood)!