Doing this with normal street shoes is asking for trouble.
You can cover the attachment with insoles, but it is still going to change the geometry of your feet and cause issues and pain.
Biking shoes have special low flex soles so the power goes into the clip instead of just flexing the sole. With a normal street shoe you are going to lose a lot of your stroke power with the shoe folding up. The attachment point is not reinforced so more than likely you will just rip out cleat after a few weeks anyway.
Pay a few extra bucks to buy a mountain biking shoe designed to support a cleat and you will end up much better off in the long run.