I can help with some:
68 means it's for a 68 mm wide bottom bracket shell which is the standard English road frame width and also on some MTB frames
The 121.5 is the end-to-end width of the spindle in mm.
Japan is obviously the country of manufacture. IIRC, VIA means "patented" but I'm not certain of that.
CrMo means Chrome-Moly and is the alloy steel the spindle is constructed from.
The D-3SS specifies an unsymetrical (the drive side of the spindle is longer) spindle in the length and bb shell width shown above.