I ride in Madison, WI until it hits -5-10deg Fahrehneit and commute ~3-4 miles each way. For the top, I have a really old winter pullover coat (insulated, waterproof?) and my work clothes with an occasional sweater. for bottoms, I just wear my rainpants (REI brand) over my usual work pants. I wear thin leather gloves under my snowboarding gloves. I wear wool socks with regular cycling shoes (clipless) with the Pearl Izumi AmFib shoe covers. I also wear a balaclava under my helmet. I have not tried the ski goggle look yet.
My hands are usually numb by the time I get to work. My toes are rarely cold. That said, the shoe covers are a pain and I'm thinking of just riding with my winter boots and flat pedals or pedals with clips this winter.