1) Get fenders.
2) after each ride in the rain I hose off the bike with clean water (low pressure) to remove grit and the black gunk from the brake pads hitting the Al rims
3) I hold the rear brake and bounce the bike on the rear wheel a few times to shake off excess water and grit
4) shoot spray silicone on the chain, brake pivots and any problem areas (usually my c-ring bolts start to rust mid way through winter).

Takes about 2 min total.

I ride a SS in the rain, so don't worry about gears and ders

That's it.

Once a year I do a complete teardown of the bike to re-grese all threads. I use anti-sieze on all bolts that see lots of water (like fender bolts). I also use titanium bolts for my fenders since they don't rust... but thats overkill and I only did it because I had them. Otherwise I would have used Stainless.

Of note: If you are running standard summer brake pads on your bike check them often in the winter for embeded chunks of rock and Al shavings. They play havoc on your wheels and chew up your braking surface in a flash. Better yet, ditch them alltogether and buy Kool-Stop Salmon pads. Brakes well, good in dry and rain, has a wiper edge to help pre-clean the water off the rim so wet-weather stops actually stop the bike faster.