With a hub dynamo system it should be possible to move the wheel between bikes as long as all have the same wheel diameter and adequate tire clearance for the largest tire that you use on the dynamo hub wheel.
Most dynamo headlights and taillights are not designed as quick release units but by installing plug type connectors on the wiring they could be made reasonably quick removal and install I believe. Put a wiring harness on each bike so the lights and dynamo hub just plug in for electrical connections.
The devil could be in the details however such as different headlight and taillight mounting requirements or provisions on various bikes. Also a 700C wheel cannot be moved to a MTB with 559mm rims. One bike with disc brakes and another with caliper brakes could also pose a problem. Many disc brake wheel rims are not designed for caliper brakes.
Sounds like an inteesting project but may require time and patience to work out all the details.
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Gear Hubs Owned: Rohloff disc brake, SRAM iM9 disc brake, SRAM P5 freewheel, Sachs Torpedo 3 speed freewheel, NuVinci CVT, Shimano Alfine SG S-501, Sturmey Archer S5-2 Alloy. Other: 83 Colnago Super Record, Univega Via De Oro
Visit and join the Yahoo Geared Hub Bikes group for support and links.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Geared_hub_bikes/