510 being a top swing, i dont think you can.

The first step for Shimano compatibility questions is to look at Shimano's compatibility charts.

2018-2019 SHIMANO Product Information Web


-Tim-

And this is the common understanding that many want to be not true. from what I remember when I was learning this index stuff is that later 1990s saw a change to MtB crankset dimensions, der throw per cable pull amounts and of course the shrinking of chain ring tooth counts for MtB rings. Early Rapid Fire shift levers, for MtB, had road like trim functions. As MtB shifter evolution progressed these trim functions have been removed. So MtB cages got further sculpted in the attempt to limit chain rub.

So Shimano early on decided that MtB and road systems have somewhat differing needs and have designed with the separation of the two uses as a constant.

To step up and onto my soap box- The loss of touring or tandem riding as popular (as in profitable) products along with the further trend in expressing best use as being more extreme have made any cross over products few and far between. Andy.

In pretty much every instance Shimano MTB and Road front derailleurs are not index compatible. Rear derailleurs are mostly compatible up until 9 speed for mountain and 10 speed for road.

What would be the risk[s] in using road components on a hybrid that came with mtb components?
ie: 8 speed for eight speed, triple fsa for triple fsa with a couple tooth differences, & cassettes are the same