No. Most of the weight is in the frame and not the components. Best to put on some slick tires and be happy with that until you can afford to buy a bike that is much lighter to begin with. (And trust me, you'll be eyeing new bikes from this point forward!)

The easiest thing would be to take 5lbs off of you.

Finding a better route can also save you some time on a commute. But really 3 miles is (forgive me) nothing. You could walk/run that in 45 min even if you aren't in the best of shape.

Let's examine though this whole concept of time.

If you averaged 15mph on your trip.. then you'd go a mile every 4 min. So you'd arrive in around 12 min. If you only average 10mph due to stop signs and lights then you can still make it with 6 min miles and be there in 18min.

So I see no real reason this ride should take you over 20 min even with knobby tires and a 35 pound bike. Definitely plan your route better or learn the light patters if you want to improve your time. The smooth tires will help certainly, as will getting the seat height ( inseam in inches x .88 = distance from top of seat to center of where the pedal arms mount... this works pretty well to start with) and handle bar/stem height set properly so you use your legs as efficiently as possible.

I think my bike is ~35# and I'm perfectly happy with it. Well, I was hoping the new one would break the 30# barrier, but what are you gonna do. Predecessor was ~38#, so I am gaining.

My whole bike weighs 10kg.

Of course I weigh 120kg so it sorta evens out I guess.

You bike sounds perfect for staying under 14 mph.