Bike Materials of the Future
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Bike Materials of the Future
Bicycle frame and component technology appears to be advancing rapidly. We've had steel frames for more than a century, but in the last few decades we've seen aluminum, titanium and carbon fiber added to the mix... giving frame and component designers options that were never dreamed of thirty years ago.
Is anyone aware of new materials or technologies currently under development that will advance bike designs even farther than what we have today? Or... are we nearing the practical limit of bicycle design technology?
Also, if you could radically improve any bike component or system, what would you change?
Is anyone aware of new materials or technologies currently under development that will advance bike designs even farther than what we have today? Or... are we nearing the practical limit of bicycle design technology?
Also, if you could radically improve any bike component or system, what would you change?
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Carbon nanotube
It started as Bucky ball(think of soccer ball) in early 1980s. Some made it in a tube form(still much thinner than others so callled "fibers") in early 1990s, then layered. It seems like this can be grown into any shape, any size. Said to be much stronger than carbon fiber. I don't know exactly how it is going to be used in bicycle material but its prperty is way beyond just light and strong. People will experiment next 100 or 200 years just to find out what this material can do.
One use of this material I have heard of is that connect a satellite to a station on the ground with a ribbon made of carbon nanotube, use it as a rope to bring the elevator up and down between them instead of using rocket to go back and forth. Believe it or not, it's a serious project.
It started as Bucky ball(think of soccer ball) in early 1980s. Some made it in a tube form(still much thinner than others so callled "fibers") in early 1990s, then layered. It seems like this can be grown into any shape, any size. Said to be much stronger than carbon fiber. I don't know exactly how it is going to be used in bicycle material but its prperty is way beyond just light and strong. People will experiment next 100 or 200 years just to find out what this material can do.
One use of this material I have heard of is that connect a satellite to a station on the ground with a ribbon made of carbon nanotube, use it as a rope to bring the elevator up and down between them instead of using rocket to go back and forth. Believe it or not, it's a serious project.
Last edited by allgoo19; 04-30-05 at 11:51 PM.
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I listened to a three-part documentary about nanotech on BBC radio last month. One of the things that caught my ear was the ability to design programmable nano-machines.
For instance, a bicycle frame could be designed to shift its stiffness back and forth depending on the forces acting upon it from the rider. Imagine sprinting on a bike that can respond to the rider's left-right weight shift at a molecular level. This part of nanotech is not theoretical... it's already been done.
For instance, a bicycle frame could be designed to shift its stiffness back and forth depending on the forces acting upon it from the rider. Imagine sprinting on a bike that can respond to the rider's left-right weight shift at a molecular level. This part of nanotech is not theoretical... it's already been done.
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Originally Posted by allgoo19
Carbon nanotube
One use of this material I have heard of is that connect a satellite to a station on the ground with a ribbon made of carbon nanotube, use it as a rope to bring the elevator up and down between them instead of using rocket to go back and forth. Believe it or not, it's a serious project.
One use of this material I have heard of is that connect a satellite to a station on the ground with a ribbon made of carbon nanotube, use it as a rope to bring the elevator up and down between them instead of using rocket to go back and forth. Believe it or not, it's a serious project.
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Derailleurs seem crude and old-fashioned. How about a computer-controlled continuously variable transmission. Tell the computer what cadence and power level you want to ride at. Let's say you want to ride at 88 crank revs per minute and you want to put out 150 watts. The computer would continuously change the gear ratio depending on hills and wind. An indicator would tell you to pedal slower or faster to hit your cadence target.
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Originally Posted by JamesV
Tell the computer what cadence and power level you want to ride at.
How "electronic" do we want bikes to be? Do we really want a bike that has to be programmed before it can be ridden? (Automobiles already do this rather succcessfully.)
Also, how much electronic control will racing organizations allow. Would they allow a biuke that could continuously compensate for the vibration and weight-shifting caused by Roubaix's cobblestones... or what about a bike that constantly re-calibrated itself to maximize energy on a hillclimb, thus giving the rider a clear advantage?
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Originally Posted by allgoo19
Carbon nanotube
It started as Bucky ball(think of succer ball) in early 1980s. Some made it in a tube form(still much thinner than others so callled "fibers") in early 1990s, then layered. It seems like this can be grown into any shape, any size. Said to be much stronger than carbon fiber. I don't know exactly how it is going to be used in bicycle material but its prperty is way beyond just light and strong. People will experiment next 100 or 200 years just to find out what this material can do.
It started as Bucky ball(think of succer ball) in early 1980s. Some made it in a tube form(still much thinner than others so callled "fibers") in early 1990s, then layered. It seems like this can be grown into any shape, any size. Said to be much stronger than carbon fiber. I don't know exactly how it is going to be used in bicycle material but its prperty is way beyond just light and strong. People will experiment next 100 or 200 years just to find out what this material can do.
Code:
Graphite Crystal = Diamond CF Std. = Typical standard carbon fibre MWNT = Multi-Wall Nano-Tubes SWNT = Single-Wall Nano-Tubes Graph CF MWNT SWNT Steel Crystal Std. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tensile Str. - GPa 100 3-7 300-600 300-1500 0.4 Elastic Mod. - GPa 1000 200-800 500-1000 1000-5000 200 Specific Str.- GPa 50 2-4 200-300 150-750 0.05 Specific Mod.- GPa 500 100-400 250-500 500-2500 26 Strain-Failure - % 10 1-3 20-40 20-40 25
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People have always thought that we'd reached the edge of technology. It'll never happen.
I think that the next big change in bicycles will be thermal plastics. I can foresee injected molded frames that might only take a couple of minutes to make. Course, the right material hasn't been invented yet but I expect it will be during my lifetime. It'll kill the small frame builders.
I think that the next big change in bicycles will be thermal plastics. I can foresee injected molded frames that might only take a couple of minutes to make. Course, the right material hasn't been invented yet but I expect it will be during my lifetime. It'll kill the small frame builders.
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Originally Posted by operator
Steel... all the way.
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Originally Posted by Retro Grouch
People have always thought that we'd reached the edge of technology. It'll never happen.
I think that the next big change in bicycles will be thermal plastics. I can foresee injected molded frames that might only take a couple of minutes to make. Course, the right material hasn't been invented yet but I expect it will be during my lifetime. It'll kill the small frame builders.
I think that the next big change in bicycles will be thermal plastics. I can foresee injected molded frames that might only take a couple of minutes to make. Course, the right material hasn't been invented yet but I expect it will be during my lifetime. It'll kill the small frame builders.
However, K2 was losing its shirt making these frames. It was simply labour intensive. The production run only lasted two years before they dismissed it as not being cost effective. In all honesty, this is the thermoplastic CF bike I really lusted after.
Mantis Screaming V
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GT used to make thermoplastic frames, threading a nylon/carbon tube through a set of Al lugs. It looked quite neat.
PBO is the latest wonder fibre, stronger than carbo or kevlar. It's used in some spokes.
A lot of bike design is limited by tradition, the UCI and component availability. Why are axles supprted on both sides? Why are frames symetrical when the transmission is only on one side? Why do we use large hollow axle BB spindles with tiny bearings squished into a BBshell designed over 100 years ago.
PBO is the latest wonder fibre, stronger than carbo or kevlar. It's used in some spokes.
A lot of bike design is limited by tradition, the UCI and component availability. Why are axles supprted on both sides? Why are frames symetrical when the transmission is only on one side? Why do we use large hollow axle BB spindles with tiny bearings squished into a BBshell designed over 100 years ago.
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Originally Posted by MichaelW
GT used to make thermoplastic frames, threading a nylon/carbon tube through a set of Al lugs. It looked quite neat.
My thermoplastic CF MTB is a K2 Oz-M. It's made by K2 and Easton (subcontracted). The main triangle is produced by K2 and is a 3-piece monocoque structure with two halves bonded to an internal reinforcement spine all made out of CF. This construction is similar to what Cannondale used for their CF bike except that Cannondale used an aluminum and then later magnesium internal spine. The K2's main triangle was produced in Vashon, WA but I'm not sure where the swingarm and fork legs, which were produced by Easton, were made. The bike was made for only two years. It was offered in two main trim levels and a superlight version. In 1998, it retained the Pro-Flex name and was called the Pro-Flex 4500C and the Pro-Flex 5500C. In 1999, there were some minor improvements, a slightly different subdued finish and the names were changed to the Oz-X and Oz-M respectively. An Oz-M Superlight (Oz-ML) was also added which had all the fasteners and coils replaced with titanium equivalents. My bike is a modified Oz-M. The stock rear shock on the Oz-M is a Noleen NR-2. I replaced it with the NR-5 SmartShock to match the front shock in the CrossLink-CS fork and changed the rear spring to same titanium one used in the Oz-ML's NR-2 shock to give it a smoother feel.
Not many companies produced thermoplastic CF bikes. Most CF bikes (road and mountain) are made using thermosets. Mantis and GT worked on a joint project to create the earliest thermoplastic bike I believe with the Mantis Screaming V. This is the bike I really wanted but very few were ever produced before Mantis closed up shop and they were/are quite rare and expensive. GT itself took the technology to produce a limited number of CF-based STS/LTSes back in 1995 which was a CF version of their XCR. They later followed up with a second generation thermoplastic bike called the XCR 2000.
K2/Pro-Flex started sticking CF swingarms and forks on their aluminum Evo frames around 1996 and then produced a full CF frame based on the Evo geometry for 1998. While they performed well, the cost and labour involved to produce these things were so high that they discontinued them after only a two year run.
While many people in the roadbike community were surprised to see Cannondale come out with a full-CF road frame, it should be noted that Cannondale had been using CF in some of their MTBs for a while and they introduced the thermoplastic Raven back around the same time as K2 introduced the Pro-Flex 4500C/5500C in the 1998 model year I believe. Cannondale actually stuck with the Raven longer. I think they terminated production of that frame in 2001 or 2002. Neither the GT nor Cannondale bikes were full thermoplastic CF though. They all used aluminum rear triangles and swingarms. To my knowledge, only Mantis and K2 ever made full thermoplastic CF bikes. You can find out more about the K2/Pro-Flex CF bikes on the K2/Pro-Flex Riders Group webpage.
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Originally Posted by MichaelW
A lot of bike design is limited by tradition
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Originally Posted by MichaelW
Why are axles supprted on both sides? Why are frames symetrical when the transmission is only on one side? Why do we use large hollow axle BB spindles with tiny bearings squished into a BBshell designed over 100 years ago.
I'm not entirely certain but I'm fairly sure these points were what you were hinting at?
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Originally Posted by khuon
If you look at MTB designs, you'll notice that many of these "outdated concepts" have already been challenged. Cannondale has the Lefty Fork and there have been expiriments with rear axles being only supported on one side.
I'm not entirely certain but I'm fairly sure these points were what you were hinting at?
I'm not entirely certain but I'm fairly sure these points were what you were hinting at?
I think our brains want to see symmetry because we think it is naturally better than asymmetry. My non-cyclist buddy who went with me to the LBS took one look at the C'dale and said, "Awesome!" Now that I've had time to ponder the issue, I think he's probably right.
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Originally Posted by suntreader
I think our brains want to see symmetry because we think it is naturally better than asymmetry. My non-cyclist buddy who went with me to the LBS took one look at the C'dale and said, "Awesome!" Now that I've had time to ponder the issue, I think he's probably right.
The Cannondale Lefty has a fairly checkered history. The concept is sound but the execution leaves a bit to be desired. There have been reliability problems and quite a number of fork failures. That said, single-sided axle mounts have been used in motorcycles with a fair bit of success. I still think it's an avenue worth persuing... it's just that I don't think the Cannondale design has quite arrived yet.
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Originally Posted by khuon
However, K2 was losing its shirt making these frames. It was simply labour intensive. The production run only lasted two years before they dismissed it as not being cost effective.
Imagine the stiffest, strongest road frame you've ever seen... and it weighs less than a pound. Even better, it continually restructures itself according to the way you ride it. Fantasy... perhaps, but I remember paying $100 for a four-function calculator when I was in school... and thinking I was getting a great deal.
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Originally Posted by khuon
That said, single-sided axle mounts have been used in motorcycles with a fair bit of success. I still think it's an avenue worth persuing... it's just that I don't think the Cannondale design has quite arrived yet.
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Problem with any sort of automatic transmission (and that goes for cars as well as bicycles) is that they can't see what is coming up on the road. Are you pedalling harder becauce you want to enjoy the downhill, or because you want to get up speed before hitting that killer hill. If your automatic gearing shifts to maximum just as you hit the hill, it really will be a killer. Although I suppose the ideal computer will think faster than the human rider can shift and automatically give you the perfect performance, just in time for you to switch it again for the next hill. My tuppence worth would be to keep bikes mechanical and not electronic. Use the super materials for weight, or flexibility, or whatever else, and leave the rider to get the performance.
Of course if bikes become so light and efficient that everyone is capable of riding at 40mph over sustained periods you'd better watch the accident rate very carefully.
Of course if bikes become so light and efficient that everyone is capable of riding at 40mph over sustained periods you'd better watch the accident rate very carefully.
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Originally Posted by operator
Steel... all the way.
bicycles Steel is the material of choice with folk's who don't race, care for the earth,
want a truly simple bicycle, the "gee-whiz" factor means nothing, perfers just to
get on and ride.
Steel can be-recycled endlessly where other materials can not. Steel "rings" which
which means that for weight by volumn it will yield a better ride with less material
without the need for other means of shock absorbtion for the non-race applications.
Steel people understand due to it's long proven track record for mass production
uses. Steel simply is realfor the masses who ride bicycles as means of transportion
and utility uses.
For racing or other uses then any material can be used as the sky's the limit for any
racing materials. The truly sad part of this whole subject is that bicycle makers will
continue to shove this new tech down the average riders throat in their never ending
quest for "market share" instead of building steel bicycles that are dependable,simple
to operate and maintain, cost effective to buy by the very masses of buyers they seek
to tempt. If this is not understood by the big makers soon then many will perish without
at least one steel framed bicycle for the true "user" of bicycles. Until that time small
custom makers still using steel will flourish as will the used bicycle market for steel
framed bicycles.
Last edited by Nightshade; 04-30-05 at 08:57 AM.
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I think design is about 90% of our gains.
Pity roadies are so picky about this....
I could imagine seeing a bike simlar to the 8.somthing lb trek posted here ages ago...that bike was sex....well it needed drops, but it was still sex. Something about the frame shape just screams "come and break me racer boy, cmon TRY IT PUNK!!!!!"
Pity roadies are so picky about this....
I could imagine seeing a bike simlar to the 8.somthing lb trek posted here ages ago...that bike was sex....well it needed drops, but it was still sex. Something about the frame shape just screams "come and break me racer boy, cmon TRY IT PUNK!!!!!"
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Originally Posted by khuon
If you look at MTB designs, you'll notice that many of these "outdated concepts" have already been challenged. Cannondale has the Lefty Fork and there have been expiriments with rear axles being only supported on one side. Many MTB frames use assymetrical chainstays. Outboard bearing design is prevalent in the latest generation of crankset/BB designs (Shimano, FSA, TruVativ, RaceFace) and was pioneered in the MTB world with the Bullseye cranks back in the early/mid-1990s.
I'm not entirely certain but I'm fairly sure these points were what you were hinting at?
I'm not entirely certain but I'm fairly sure these points were what you were hinting at?
I won't say much about the lefty, it has its place, just not on any of my bikes. The 1 side rear wheel axle, interesting, mountain bikes are starting to pull more from bmx and mx, I wonder if anything like that would come to fruition. I wonder how the multi sided torque of someone pedalling would affect it over a mx drive train.
I guess the same outdated argument could be said for drive train (I know this is about materials), not for roadies, but the drive train is pretty outdated and imo not very functional for some aspects of mountain biking. Shimano and sram keep coming up with lateral changes to the drive train. Thats my personal rant, I hate deraileurs and deraileur hangers
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Originally Posted by Tightwad
... Steel can be-recycled endlessly where other materials can not.
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I wish CVT's would be made for consumer level sometime...I don't like the deraileur setup on my bike either...it gets clogged up with crud in less than an hour...and yes, I love rolling my bike in the mud like a summer pig