i was wondering if there were any advantages or disadvantages when it comes to leg length and cycling. are there particular things that come into play for long legged riders and short legged riders (ex. crank length, gear ratios).

I don't think it matters much in cycling as one can fine tune the equipment to match his/her physique. In many other sports, yes, size does matter.

George

Tall riders can turn longer cranks which is a slight advantage, but we're also heavier and need bigger, heavier bikes (I'm 6'3"). Each body type has it's own advantages and disadvatages.

yeah, i thought that there would be difference between the two. seems like there would be different muscle development too? or am i wrong about that?
i was kind of looking at it like with cars, stroke length.

When big guys turn big cranks, they are usually more comfortable at a lower cadence, and a higher cog-ratio. The angular speed may be the same as a smaller rider (or slower), but you are doing more work turing a large crank.
You really have to factor crank length into your overall gearing for a comparison. I dont think there is much point comparing a big guy on big cranks to a small guy on small cranks. Each will spin at their comfortable cadence, in a gear of their chosing.

At 6'8" and (I think) 200 pounds, my disadvantages are having to be careful pedaling when cornering (I've tapped the pavement a couple of times), and having a bit more wind resistance than not-as-tall people on a fast downhill.
But: I can really climb on long hills.