Assuming they are the correct diameter to fit in the moustache bars, they should certainly work in friction mode. But I think you're getting something confused. Your bike is a "ten-speed" meaning 2x5. The Dura Ace shifters you're looking at are "10-speed" meaning 10 gears in the back, so they'd be used in a 2x10 or 3x10 drivetrain. Things have changed since the 70s, and ten-speed doesn't always mean what it used to.

You don't need the 10-speed Dura Ace shifters, and I'm not sure there's any way to decently index your current setup without getting a new rear derailer and freewheel. Any bar-end shifters that offer friction mode (and I think most of them do) will work.