ONLY if everything was adequately tight in the first place. As FB pointed out, if the cog was not initially tight enough then it would screw on further with enough force, causing the lockring to loosen, and later allowing the cog to loosen from back-pressure to its original position.

At best the pattern of tightening and loosening would strip the RH threads. At worst what happened to the OP could occur: he sudden tightening of the cog upon hard acceleration could cause the chain to jump and jam or just throw the rider off-balance.