The old quill pedal + toeclips/straps system works best with cycling shoes that can take one of the old-style slotted cleats. These cleats have a slot that fits over the rear side of the pedal cage, then you cinch the strap down to hold the shoe in place. It works great. As 20grit mentioned, the "button" really helps with tightening, and the straps can be quickly loosened by reaching down and pressing the release on the buckle.
Here's an Ebay search for "Detto Pietro", which is one model of shoe that can still be found. Others exist.
http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trks...at=0&_from=R40