I have zero, Nada, zilch experience, in helmet designs or "actual" effectiveness or lack of, either, BUT, I do tend to pontificate about how having something between the old brain case and the pavement when the old brain-case may, happens to bounce off the pavement, is actually "better" than not having something... But it's all JMO thus means nothing to some people who have waay more education than I, Them armed with scientific proof (statistics and tests) that having a helmet on actually increases the chance of more injury than without a helmet, thus I have become a flat world-er in a "proven" round world here in this wonderful helmet thread....