Bear canisters are required only in the backcountry of these Western NPs, primarily used by long-distance backpackers. John Muir Trail is a perfect example of an area where everyone will carry food in a canister. In the main visitor area of these NPs where all the tourists, including 95% of the bicycle tourists will camp, bear canisters are not a requirement. Established camping areas in the frontcountry of all NPs in bear country are equipped with steel bear-proof food lockers. It is very unlikely a normal bicycle tourist would ever need or be required to have a bear canister in a Western NP, or anywhere else.

WRT to GPS/navigation, there are a number of low-cost tablets with gps circuit that are more than adequate for GPS navigation, provided the user has installed appropriate software and learned how to use it. The free OSMand app is one such software that will provide reliable GPS mapping and automatic, voice-prompted navigation, even while "offline" with no cellular or wifi connection. This software works by downloading suitable map databases before travel, then relying on the device hardware capability (gps circuit) to locate position, movement and associated points of interest within the mapping database. There are perhaps half a dozen GPS nav apps that come in android and IOS versions with offline capability. Obviously this software functions on all gps-capable smartphones too, but it is easier to use on larger-screened tablets.