Indeed a shorter yoke cable gives more stopping power with most, perhaps all, centerpulls. (Cantilevers can be shaped such that you don't get any more power, but that's not the case here. The key factor is whether the ends of the yoke cable are above or below the arm pivots. On centerpulls the cable ends are pretty much always above the pivots so you want a shorter cable.)

There are two trade-offs however. The greater leverage means you get less pad movement per brake cable movement, basic physics. So you need closer pad-rim clearance and truer wheels. It's no different than using brake levers with more or less cable movement per lever rotation. More movement means less cable tension for any given hand pressure, and thus less pressure of the pads against the rim.

The second trade-off is it puts more stress on the caliper's mounting yoke. If the yoke or the arm pivot bearings already deform noticeably then a shorter yoke cable will make that worse.