morgothaod,
Do not you have steps to follow on your kit or glue? Usually there are and they are the best for the glue.

I have patched tubes using similar kits and just pieces of another tube in combination with glue for rubber. I never had a problem with the patch.
But I always press the patch overnight by something really heavey like bed. Couple of times i tried to put tube in the wheel and pump it up to 58 PSI right after patching and it worked well too.

I hope it was just a bad luck for you and you will not have this problem any more.