Ok, I think I figured it out.

Go to Dashboard
https://www.strava.com/dashboard

Select the ride you are interested in.

Click on the segment you're interested in (within the ride).

On the right, a summary of the times should show up.
There is a drop-down "All Time", "This Year", "My Results", etc.

Select "All Time"

Now click on "View Full Leaderboard" (or right click and open in a new tab/window).