In USA Cycling racing rules say some riders in the same race may not have the 11T, 12T,13T cogs that others may have. Most don't know, don't care, but there is no comparison to the fairness of the two. Doping, does not come close to the equipment limitations USA Cycling puts on.

The adult racers beating handicapped riders by a few places or seconds generally would not if all were allowed to use the same equipment. For that reason I think the USA Cycling wins are mostly recreational feel good things.