A 54 is generally going to have corrected top tube length of about 55 cm. A 58 is going to have a corrected TT of about 58. So if you use a 110mm stem length on your 54, you'll need to drop to 3cm to a 90mm for the 58.

Is your 55 stem length long enough to subtract 3cm from it? This is the primary fit issue.



Aside from that, it is going to look a little silly. But if it gets you riding, great!