If it's just the last one or two threads, you could just shorten the axle by that much. Axles of this type are almost always a few mm longer than they need to be.

The threads don't carry the weight of the rider, the axle nuts do, once the QR is tight. So even a mm or two of axle stickout past the locknut is enough to locate the wheel while closing the QR.

This isn't idle speculation; I've done it multiple times, and Saint Sheldon himself has approved this.

If you need to remove more than one or two mm, you can shift the axle over to split the width reduction between both ends.

Another tip, just force the cone to thread all the way off the damaged side (holding the axle by the middle unthreaded part), and it'll re-form the threads at least partly. The cone is harder metal than the axle, so little chance of damaging the cone. I'd probably do that only after shortening the axle by a thread or three.