A couple observations:

Being conspicuous by using lights and high-contrast materials can help, but only if the cyclist is riding in a manner where they are likely to be seen by other drivers; in the direction of traffic flow and in clear view of the traffic stream. I've seen intentional wrong-way riders wearing ASTM Class II vests have close calls as drivers literally do not look in the direction from which they are approaching at intersections due to learned and ingrained behavior.

Bicycle infrastructure can be anything from a shared lane marking to an independent pathway with grade separations at street crossings (I rode both of these just this morning). But one thing to remember is that for more than a decade in the US there has been a conscious decision to rate and evaluate bicyclist accommodation based on perceived safety (how "comfortable" a rider feels using the facility) vs. actual safety (reported crashes and observed conflicts).