On mainstream folding bikes, short-reach v-brakes go with ETRTO406 (and ETRTO305) wheels while long-reach ones are for ETRTO349 and ETRTO451 wheels to provide additional reach for the brake pads to contact the rim brake track. With the latter wheel sizes, though, most people will install road caliper or u-brakes instead so you won't see v-brakes very often on those wheel sizes.* But your own wheels look ETRTO406, so my money is on short (standard).

You don't need long-reach v-brakes to attach fenders on 406 size wheel bikes. Here's an example of short with a front fender on a 406 wheel. The same idea would apply in the rear. The fender slots in fine below the cable bridge.




* A notable exception is the FnHon Gust 16" frame where the chain will hit the rear u-brake caliper on the tallest, innermost cog with a chainring smaller than 56T. As this may be too tall for some folks wishing a smaller chainring, they will often install a long-reach, rear v-brake instead. Now, this fixes one problem but potentially creates a new one...