Originally Posted by terrymorse

So the claim now is that ketones are improving performance outcomes in 3-hour events. Question: Are ketones really improving outcomes, even in long-duration efforts? Let's look at published results (not coached AI output).

I found one that fits:

"Exogenous ketosis produced by oral ketone ester ingestion during the early phase of prolonged endurance exercise and against the background of adequate carbohydrate intake neither causes muscle glycogen sparing nor improves performance in the final stage of the event." (Poffé et al, 2020)

If you want to perform well on a long-duration ride, be sure to eat plenty of carbs. They are proven to be effective. Ketones? The results are meh, at best.