Not really, you're thinking of the '70s half-step gearing that was common on touring bikes. Generally you would have the rear-cogs differ by 10% and the front two chainrings would be 5% apart. Then you go back and forth on both.

However, road/racing bikes have much wider spread between the chainrings, typically 20%, so you'd skip 2-3 gears in the back. To find your optimum shift-pattern, go to this site to compute your gear-inches (travel per crank-revolution): http://www.bicyclesource.com/bike/ge...avascript.html

Here's my gearing and the shift-pattern I use: