I had a Ti frame break due to a manufacturing defect. It did take about 15,0000 miles to break though.

I have had a 30 mph crash on my carbon Cervelo R3 where it wasn't even scratched. I didn't fare as well. Even with good healthy insurance it would have been cheaper if the bike had been totally destroyed instead. OTOH, a teamate had a low speed crash on his R3 where a large sprinter dude landed on his frame the wrong way and broke it. I have seen steel and aluminum frames damaged or destroyed in crashes.

Crash damage is really a crapshoot. It's not a case where one frame material always survives and another doesn't. Any bike that is light enough to be a pleasant ride will not be 100% crash proof.

One of the advantages of carbon fiber is that it is easier and cheaper to repair than steel or Ti or especially welded aluminum. My teamate's R3 should be repairable by Calfee at a cost of $2-300.

In any case, unless you crash a lot, you shouldn't make your buying decision solely on crashworthiness. Chances are you will never crash. If you do crash, chances are that it will be a low speed crash where nothing happens other than maybe a scraped knee. Pick your bike based on fit, ride, component quality. Make sure that there is a frame warranty and that the company is large enough to be around in three or four years should you need to warranty the frame.