You can do everything you want with the same derailleur (7 speed, bar end shifters, hyperglide cassettte), except for the indexing. If you want (reliable) indexing, you will need to upgrade the rear derailleur to an SIS model.

If you're willing to stick with friction shifting, find an era-appropriate pair of suntour bar ends with micro-ratcheting action. They'll be like heaven on the end of your handlebars.