Go Back  Bike Forums > Bike Forums > Bicycle Mechanics
Reload this Page >

Whoops! Left my chain in mineral spirits for (way) too long

Search
Notices
Bicycle Mechanics Broken bottom bracket? Tacoed wheel? If you're having problems with your bicycle, or just need help fixing a flat, drop in here for the latest on bicycle mechanics & bicycle maintenance.

Whoops! Left my chain in mineral spirits for (way) too long

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old 10-20-11, 08:42 AM
  #26  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Posts: 33,656

Bikes: '96 Litespeed Catalyst, '05 Litespeed Firenze, '06 Litespeed Tuscany, '20 Surly Midnight Special, All are 3x10. It is hilly around here!

Mentioned: 39 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 2026 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1,096 Times in 742 Posts
I concur that "real" OMS cannot attack, corrode or stress crack any steel or other metal parts no matter how long you let them soak. It can, of course, very thoroughly degrease and de-lube a chain so a good relubing is going to be needed after a prolonged soak. That's not your problem.

The "Mineral Spirits" you used are, as cyccoommute noted, an emulsoion of the real thing in water stabilized with a suitable surfactant. Apparently it is not friendly to chains if left in contact for a long time. If you found cracks in linlk other than just the quick link, that assures its damaging properties.
HillRider is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 10:06 AM
  #27  
Senior Member
 
DGozinya's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2010
Location: Chicago, IL
Posts: 373
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by Myosmith
If you're a geek like me, you could take an old carefully inspected chain and separate a few 3-4 link sections and toss them into jars of the solvent/cleaners in question and let the sit.
Ding Ding!!! Winner! It's called SCIENCE...Observe, Theorize, Predict, Test, Repeat. Pulling a random piece of metal out of solution after 8 long forgotten months and saying the conditions caused it just doesn't cut it. That's not science, that's anecdotal.
DGozinya is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 12:52 PM
  #28  
Senior Member
 
jack002's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Southwest MO
Posts: 782

Bikes: (2) 1994 Cannondale R900, red, Silver Trek hybrid

Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 69 Post(s)
Liked 4 Times in 4 Posts
Its an experiment. And you'll need a control. Whats that? Air? water? 7up?
jack002 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 01:12 PM
  #29  
Junior Member
 
Nightstalker 6's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2011
Location: Mustang, Ok
Posts: 16

Bikes: Trek Cobia 29er, Giant Sedona 26"

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by jack002
Its an experiment. And you'll need a control. Whats that? Air? water? 7up?
Tequila
Nightstalker 6 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 01:22 PM
  #30  
Senior Member
 
JTGraphics's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2006
Location: So Cal
Posts: 2,678
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Ok I use mineral sprits all the time so I just put some links in several in fact into my cleaning jar for you all and will leave it a week. (Should I leave it longer? how long would you all like to see LOL)
I really don't think anything will happen to my links.
Are we wagering any BF bets here LOL.....
__________________
It may not be fancy but it gets me were I need to go.
https://www.jtgraphics.net/cyclist_bicycles.htm
JTGraphics is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 01:24 PM
  #31  
Senior Member
 
mikeybikes's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Edgewater, CO
Posts: 3,213

Bikes: Tons

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by JTGraphics
Ok I use mineral sprits all the time so I just put some links in several in fact into my cleaning jar for you all and will leave it a week.
I really don't think anything will happen to my links.
Are we wagering any BF bets here LOL.....
You really should try eight months like the original poster.
mikeybikes is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 02:24 PM
  #32  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: South Florida
Posts: 726
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 2 Times in 2 Posts
Duh!
Originally Posted by bobn
if what you are saying is true that mineral spirits damaged the metal link, then there is no way it could be stored and sold in metal containers.
bobn is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 02:58 PM
  #33  
Senior Member
 
Chombi's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Posts: 11,128

Bikes: 1986 Alan Record Carbonio, 1985 Vitus Plus Carbone 7, 1984 Peugeot PSV, 1972 Line Seeker, 1986(est.) Medici Aerodynamic (Project), 1985(est.) Peugeot PY10FC

Mentioned: 22 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 150 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 33 Times in 27 Posts
Wow, that's weird! I too doubt if mineral spirits can cause such cracks. If it did damage the chain, why would it show up as cracks anyway. You'd think that it would be more of an overall corrosive etching effect rather than cracking, unless you are hinting at possible metal embrittlement, which then propagated the cracks from existing stress risers? I have never heard of mineral spirits causing such, specially as it is on the mild side when it comes to these types of liquid solvent cleaners. As suggested, find a test chain and soak it in the same mineral spirits see if the same damage happens. It will be good to know if we need to avoid this mineral spirit "substitute".

Chombi
Chombi is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 04:13 PM
  #34  
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 19
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
It is chemically impossible for mineral spirits to attack metal. The damage to the chain must have been there before you soaked the chain. If mineral spirits attacked metal, you wouldn't be able to store it in the metal containers that it is normally sold in.
interox is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 05:49 PM
  #35  
'09 Synapse Carbon 3
 
lpolliard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: Mission Viejo, CA
Posts: 727

Bikes: '09 Synapse Carbon 3, R5000, R2000

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
I have a chain soaking in this solution right now, almost two months. I have used this stuff for close to a year now with no problems. Note that this stuff comes in a plastic gallon container and not metal, strangely or is there a reason? It might make a difference as to the purity of the solution. Mine is pretty greasy as it still works great after multiple uses. I will report back tomorrow once I have pulled my chain out and inspected. I am also rotating three chains on my cassette and have over 10K on it and expect at least 5K more. I am using SRAM quick links not KMC.

Last edited by lpolliard; 10-20-11 at 11:29 PM.
lpolliard is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 06:39 PM
  #36  
Newbie
 
deermouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Boulder, CO
Posts: 39

Bikes: Bella, Masi Gran Corsa Premo, BH cyclocross, Colnago C40, Iron Horse MB

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 6 Times in 1 Post
Originally Posted by Myosmith
If you're a geek like me, you could take an old carefully inspected chain and separate a few 3-4 link sections and toss them into jars of the solvent/cleaners in question and let the sit.
I'd be more convinced it you took some extra links from a new chain and soaked them in solvent and let sit and they came out cracked. I would bet you could let them sit for ever without cracks forming.
deermouse is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 07:01 PM
  #37  
Newbie
 
deermouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Boulder, CO
Posts: 39

Bikes: Bella, Masi Gran Corsa Premo, BH cyclocross, Colnago C40, Iron Horse MB

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 6 Times in 1 Post
Originally Posted by sideshow_bob
I don't really understand the concept of rotating chains - you end up with multiple chains you have no idea what the mileage is on. One chain, a ruler and a weekly clean ...
The idea of rotating is that chains stretch faster than the cassette wears. So by rotating through 3 chains the cassette wears along with the chains and you don't have the problem of putting a new chain on an overly worn cassette, reducing chain skip. In theory the cassette and 3 chains are all worn out at the same mileage. I'm not sure that this is a valid assumption.

I just broke a 10 speed Ultegra chain with 1,100 road miles on it. I thought this was was way too soon and did some research on chain life on the web. Most people were getting 2,000 to 3,000 miles on a 10 speed chain which gives a cassette and 3 chains (in rotation) a life expectancy of 6,000 to 9,000 miles. Some people were getting less than 1,000 miles on a chain. I think 12,000 miles for 3 chains is plenty.
deermouse is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 07:49 PM
  #38  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Posts: 33,656

Bikes: '96 Litespeed Catalyst, '05 Litespeed Firenze, '06 Litespeed Tuscany, '20 Surly Midnight Special, All are 3x10. It is hilly around here!

Mentioned: 39 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 2026 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1,096 Times in 742 Posts
Originally Posted by deermouse
I just broke a 10 speed Ultegra chain with 1,100 road miles on it...... Some people were getting less than 1,000 miles on a chain.
A broken chain in less than 1100 miles is almost always a symptom of improper installation unless the chain was subjected to dreadfully abusive riding or a serious mishap like running a piece of wire through it like a friend once did.

The "some people" getting less than 1000 miles on a chain might have been retiring their chains voluntarily to avoid cassette cog wear. If they were all reporting broken chains, they were doing something terribly wrong.

I've ridden for 157,000 miles, mostly on Shimano 8 and 9-speed chains and a few Wippermann 9 and 10-speed chains. I change the chains and cassettes together at 6000 - 75000 mile intervals and have NEVER broken a chain. And my riding conditions are not flat, as my forum name would indicate, so these chains aren't babied.
HillRider is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:20 PM
  #39  
Senior Member
Thread Starter
 
joejack951's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Wilmington, DE
Posts: 12,100

Bikes: 2016 Hong Fu FM-079-F, 1984 Trek 660, 2005 Iron Horse Warrior Expert, 2009 Pedal Force CX1, 2016 Islabikes Beinn 20 (son's)

Mentioned: 36 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1242 Post(s)
Liked 94 Times in 65 Posts
Originally Posted by cyccommute
Simple Green is slightly alkaline and can lead to some reactions with metals that result in cracking. The Klean-Strip® Green™ Odorless Mineral Spirits you linked to isn't 'mineral spirits' in the traditional sense. It's about 40% light end petroleum distillate and is an emulsion. If you are emulsifying petroleum, you are probably emulsifying it with a water based material or some other polar liquid. The MSDS says that the liquid melts at 0 C and boils at around 100 C. Suspiciously, that corresponds to the properties of water and I suspect that they use a surfactant to get the petroleum distillate into an emulsion. That makes the 'mineral spirits' far more like Simple Green than petroleum based mineral spirits.

Real mineral spirits should be a colorless liquid with a slight to strong petroleum odor. It won't damage parts because it can interact with the parts. It will dissolve grease but you could soak your parts in it for decades and never have any kind of corrosion or damage...to metal parts. Plastics bits are different.

Your cracking issue is with the green part of Klean-Strip® Green™ Odorless Mineral Spirits. Because they added a polar liquid (likely water), soaking parts in that mixture isn't benign.
That the "green" mineral spirits is truly an emulsion with regular mineral spirits makes a lot of sense and at least begins to explain why the chain reacted like it did to the soaking.
joejack951 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:25 PM
  #40  
Senior Member
Thread Starter
 
joejack951's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Wilmington, DE
Posts: 12,100

Bikes: 2016 Hong Fu FM-079-F, 1984 Trek 660, 2005 Iron Horse Warrior Expert, 2009 Pedal Force CX1, 2016 Islabikes Beinn 20 (son's)

Mentioned: 36 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1242 Post(s)
Liked 94 Times in 65 Posts
Originally Posted by DGozinya
Ding Ding!!! Winner! It's called SCIENCE...Observe, Theorize, Predict, Test, Repeat. Pulling a random piece of metal out of solution after 8 long forgotten months and saying the conditions caused it just doesn't cut it. That's not science, that's anecdotal.
A random piece? Hardly. It was two separate perfectly intact quick links and associated chains in different containers (glass) both in the same "green" mineral spirits. Plenty here have attested to the fact that regular mineral spirits won't harm metal no matter how long you soak a chain in it. That much is proven. My "test" (unintentional as it might have been) shows that the "green" mineral spirits can attack a chain severely enough in 8 months to make it unuseable. 8 months happens to coincide with how long it takes me to cover 4000 miles which I was using as my chain rotation period.
joejack951 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:28 PM
  #41  
Senior Member
Thread Starter
 
joejack951's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Wilmington, DE
Posts: 12,100

Bikes: 2016 Hong Fu FM-079-F, 1984 Trek 660, 2005 Iron Horse Warrior Expert, 2009 Pedal Force CX1, 2016 Islabikes Beinn 20 (son's)

Mentioned: 36 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1242 Post(s)
Liked 94 Times in 65 Posts
Originally Posted by deermouse
I'd be more convinced it you took some extra links from a new chain and soaked them in solvent and let sit and they came out cracked. I would bet you could let them sit for ever without cracks forming.
How weak do you think my legs are? Those split plates would fall apart before I made it out of my neighborhood. There is NO WAY the chain was in that condition before I put it in the "green" mineral spirits.
joejack951 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:30 PM
  #42  
Senior Member
 
skilsaw's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: Victoria, Canada
Posts: 1,541

Bikes: Cannondale t1, Koga-Miyata World Traveller

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 3 Posts
Originally Posted by joejack951
I can assure you though these cracks happened while the chain was soaking. I inspect my quick links every time I remove them. I did not miss something this obvious, twice.
All we can do is tell you the truth, as we see it. The mineral spirits is not the cause.

Just so you know, the wimpass mineral spirits you buy with no odour, no toxins, no carcinogens, is no good. The evil nasties in real mineral spirits is what does the job.
Just kidding... but a firm believer in old fashioned mineral spirits.
skilsaw is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:35 PM
  #43  
Senior Member
Thread Starter
 
joejack951's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Wilmington, DE
Posts: 12,100

Bikes: 2016 Hong Fu FM-079-F, 1984 Trek 660, 2005 Iron Horse Warrior Expert, 2009 Pedal Force CX1, 2016 Islabikes Beinn 20 (son's)

Mentioned: 36 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1242 Post(s)
Liked 94 Times in 65 Posts
Originally Posted by skilsaw
All we can do is tell you the truth, as we see it. The mineral spirits is not the cause.
Have you been reading through the whole thread? Did you miss the comments about my use of "green" mineral spirits which appear to be mineral spirits mixed with water? Water and steel don't play nicely together even with some petroleum product in the mix. Poorly sealed wheeled bearings used in the rain a lot are another good example of this.

Originally Posted by skilsaw
Just so you know, the wimpass mineral spirits you buy with no odour, no toxins, no carcinogens, is no good. The evil nasties in real mineral spirits is what does the job.
Just kidding... but a firm believer in old fashioned mineral spirits.
I agree that regular (but still "odorless") mineral spirits works far better at chain cleaning than the "green" stuff. The "green" stuff did work though but it was only really good for one use. It's so thick that you can't even pour it through cheese cloth to separate out the grit. With regular mineral spirits, all the crap settles right to the bottom allowing you to pour off the good stuff from the top and reuse it (not that this is news to anyone here).
joejack951 is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 08:48 PM
  #44  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 3,268
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 118 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 50 Times in 25 Posts
Well, now we know chains don't really last 12,000 miles. Toasted the cassette. bk
bkaapcke is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 09:01 PM
  #45  
Newbie
 
deermouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Boulder, CO
Posts: 39

Bikes: Bella, Masi Gran Corsa Premo, BH cyclocross, Colnago C40, Iron Horse MB

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 6 Times in 1 Post
Originally Posted by HillRider
A broken chain in less than 1100 miles is almost always a symptom of improper installation unless the chain was subjected to dreadfully abusive riding or a serious mishap.
I would agree. I have never broken a chain in my life before this, and many chains were over worn before replacing. Yet my Ultegra chain did break with 1,100 miles on it. I do sometimes blast up small hills and get out of the saddle, but I'm an old man (just turned 59) and doubt I over stressed the chain. Oh yes, when I measured the broken chain it had about an eighth inch stretch over the full length (.25% ?). Maybe just a defective chain, but I replaced it with a Sram anyway.

Originally Posted by HillRider
The "some people" getting less than 1000 miles on a chain might have been retiring their chains voluntarily to avoid cassette cog wear. If they were all reporting broken chains, they were doing something terribly wrong.
The believe the person reporting chain life under 1,000 miles claimed they were stretched to the limit and claimed to do so consistently. He may have been an excessively strong rider or abused his chain, that was the extreme low end of chain life.

Originally Posted by HillRider
I've ridden for 157,000 miles, mostly on Shimano 8 and 9-speed chains and a few Wippermann 9 and 10-speed chains. I change the chains and cassettes together at 6000 - 75000 mile intervals and have NEVER broken a chain. And my riding conditions are not flat, as my forum name would indicate, so these chains aren't babied.
2,000 to 3,000 miles was the average for 10 speed chain. Some people got more like you are getting. 4,000 miles was above average. Check it out, Google "10 speed chain life" or check out this link: https://forums.roadbikereview.com/com...ed-141517.html, Checkout the comment by PdxMark: "Shimano 10sp chains are as soft as butter." - just one man's opinion.

Keep the round side down,
paul

Last edited by deermouse; 10-20-11 at 09:10 PM.
deermouse is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 09:17 PM
  #46  
Newbie
 
deermouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Boulder, CO
Posts: 39

Bikes: Bella, Masi Gran Corsa Premo, BH cyclocross, Colnago C40, Iron Horse MB

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 6 Times in 1 Post
Originally Posted by joejack951
How weak do you think my legs are? Those split plates would fall apart before I made it out of my neighborhood. There is NO WAY the chain was in that condition before I put it in the "green" mineral spirits.
No comment on your legs, but if the "green mineral spirits" eats through chain, it should also eat through new chain. I would still be more convinced if it did that to a new chain.
deermouse is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 11:37 PM
  #47  
'09 Synapse Carbon 3
 
lpolliard's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2009
Location: Mission Viejo, CA
Posts: 727

Bikes: '09 Synapse Carbon 3, R5000, R2000

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Two straight months in the same solution and no cracks. To be safe I won't be soaking my chains long periods in this stuff and will switch to the real stuff when I run out.
lpolliard is offline  
Old 10-20-11, 11:50 PM
  #48  
Bicycle Repair Man !!!
 
Sixty Fiver's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2007
Location: YEG
Posts: 27,267

Bikes: See my sig...

Mentioned: 12 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 67 Post(s)
Liked 129 Times in 96 Posts
Originally Posted by joejack951
I learned an interesting lesson recently. I had read a while back about some guy who left his Shimano chain in Simple Green for a while and later had it fail quite spectacularly on him while riding. "Who does that?" I thought to myself. Then I go and leave my own chain (actually two of them) soaking in mineral spirits while I use a third in a chain rotation.

Pictured below is how I found the quick link, luckily something obvious enough to be noticed prior to putting the chain back on my bike. Several links of the chain also showed the same damage.

So... the green mineral spirits attacked each link in exactly the same place ?

Putting a chain in an alleged destructive solution should have caused global damage and not just localized damage as your image shows.
Sixty Fiver is offline  
Old 10-21-11, 02:52 AM
  #49  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 2003
Posts: 16,771
Mentioned: 125 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1454 Post(s)
Liked 85 Times in 40 Posts
Originally Posted by HillRider
A broken chain in less than 1100 miles is almost always a symptom of improper installation unless the chain was subjected to dreadfully abusive riding or a serious mishap like running a piece of wire through it like a friend once did.

The "some people" getting less than 1000 miles on a chain might have been retiring their chains voluntarily to avoid cassette cog wear. If they were all reporting broken chains, they were doing something terribly wrong.

I've ridden for 157,000 miles, mostly on Shimano 8 and 9-speed chains and a few Wippermann 9 and 10-speed chains. I change the chains and cassettes together at 6000 - 75000 mile intervals and have NEVER broken a chain. And my riding conditions are not flat, as my forum name would indicate, so these chains aren't babied.
That is a pretty wide range. Miracyuloius at the top end, in fact.

Remember, there was a batch of Ultegra chains that were breaking at the plates through a manufacturing defect.

There are also, I believe, issues with chain checkers that people use for convenience, rather than measuring with a ruler. Hence, chains might be retired because the chain checker says so, but might still have plenty of life left in them.

As to the original post, I take on board what cyccommute says, but would the chemical reaction have been localised at one location on all link plates rather than "globally" if that was the case?

Who knows? I will just stick with diesel as my cleaner of choice.
Rowan is offline  
Old 10-21-11, 06:22 AM
  #50  
Senior Member
Thread Starter
 
joejack951's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Wilmington, DE
Posts: 12,100

Bikes: 2016 Hong Fu FM-079-F, 1984 Trek 660, 2005 Iron Horse Warrior Expert, 2009 Pedal Force CX1, 2016 Islabikes Beinn 20 (son's)

Mentioned: 36 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1242 Post(s)
Liked 94 Times in 65 Posts
Originally Posted by Sixty Fiver
So... the green mineral spirits attacked each link in exactly the same place ?

Putting a chain in an alleged destructive solution should have caused global damage and not just localized damage as your image shows.
I bet if you checked the material hardness or tensile strength, it's globally weaker now.
joejack951 is offline  


Contact Us - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Use of this site indicates your consent to the Terms of Use.