First project ... Rebuilding a 1981 Royale. Need help removing the bottom bracket. What can I do without special tools? Which way do the threads turn on each side?

If you mean a Fuji Royale (not sure how you expected everyone to know that) it's English thread, fixed cup left hand thread, but we can't tell what tools are applicable without a pic or description. It's possible to dismantle the adjustable cup on any old style BB without special tools. Not necessary or recommended to remove the fixed cup unless it needs replacement.