I know the ideal would be to be sized at a shop, but I'm buying within the next week, and hopefully in the next few days. The shops (at least around here) are open for online buying, pick up, and service only, not for sizing and shopping.

The charts are based on both height and inseam. I get inseam (top bar height), but how important is the height stat? You see, I'm an odd size. My torso is bigger than my legs. I can rarely buy off the rack suits, either custom tailored bespoke suits (which don't usually fit a teacher's salary), or suit separates for me. I am a tad under 6' tall (5' 11 1/2", though I usually just say 5'11"), with the inseam of someone 4-6" shorter (29-30"). If I get a bike for my height, I won't be able to put both feet down (I'll have to have just one foot down and the bike angled at a stop). If I get a bike for my inseam, will there be any issues because of my height?

When I was a teen and had a 10 speed road bike, I went with the lean the bike over at a stop thing. As an adult, I've had a Trek mountain bike (an 800 Mountain Track) and a Trek hybrid (not sure if it was a 7000, 7100 or 7200). Both were a more comfortable height, and I don't remember being cramped in any other areas. So, I'm thinking of going with the size the manufacturer lists based upon inseam. Is that the best strategy?

Nope. There are models out there who frame dimensions tend to fit riders with your proportions well. Long reach with a shorter seat tube length thus lower standover.

e.g. Devinci Hatchet being one. 395mm reach / 575mm stack / 29.3" standover, on their 54cm.

e.g. Norco Search XR A1. 390mm reach / 580mm stack / 29.2" standover, on their 55.5cm.

e.g. Merida Silex. Either their 47cm [390mm reach / 607mm stack / 28.7" standover], or 50cm [400mm reach / 626mm stack / 29.9" standover]

e.g. Breezer Radar (drop bar version), size M would work. More of a light touring/adventure bike.

Technically those examples are 'gravel' bikes though Devinci does offer the Hatchet in road trim:- https://www.devinci.com/bikes/bike_1278_scategory_278

With your circumstances I would not buy a bike without having a shop help you try and size it. I know it's hard right now to find that. What type of bike are you looking for? I know Gary Fisher used to make mountain bikes that were great for longer torso's and Trek now has many models using their geometry (Trek bought them out, I understand). You'll also likely want to lengthen the stem...if it comes with a 100mm stem, try a 130mm stem. It's an easy fix that helps with a long torso. I think that in combination with a brand known to work for your situation would combine to work out. Still, hard to say without being able to get local help.

Start with what you intend to do with the bike

If its road riding, or you intent to sit down for most of your riding, look to a long top tube that suits your upper body measurements
If its mostly mountainbiking, look for a long reach that suits your height

Once you have that, theres lots of bikes that have lower standover height, especially in mountainbikes, but theres nothing stopping you from buying a 29er mountainbike and putting road tires on it, in order to get your ideal frame layout for road riding.